Carbon Productivity and Mitigation: Evidence from Industrial Development and Urbanization in the Central and Western Regions of China

This paper investigates carbon productivity (CP) from the perspectives of industrial development and urbanization to mitigate emissions. We propose a hybrid model that includes spatial lag (SLM) fixed regional panel using data 17 provinces in central western regions China 2000 2018. The results show slowly increasing CP has significant spillover effects, with High–High (H–H) Low–Low (L–L) distributions China. In addition, study area play different roles CP, while economic investment negatively affect population affects along U-shape curve. Importantly, patterns influence are homogenous mutually imitated studied provinces. Furthermore, disparities between due workforce allocation (TL), but TL been inefficient; structure upgrades improving conditions. Therefore, findings suggest that, short term, policymakers should implement policies reduce emissions by focusing on allocation.